Laser under vacuum (Lava) welding

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 Laser welding under vacuum is a specialized welding process that combines the precision of laser welding with the benefits of a vacuum environment (as in electron beam welding). In this process, a high-powered laser beam is directed onto the materials to be joined, generating intense heat that melts and fuses the materials together. The welding occurs within a vacuum chamber, which eliminates air and other contaminants, leading to several advantages. The vacuum environment reduces oxidation and contamination at the weld site, resulting in cleaner and stronger joints. It also enhances the energy density of the laser beam and minimizes the risk of porosity, making it ideal for high-quality welds in critical applications. This technique is often used in industries like aerospace, electronics, and medical device manufacturing, where precision and reliability are paramount. 

• Reduction of pores in the weld
• Avoidance of hot and hardening cracks
• Higher welding depth (over 2X) for the same power at atmosphere
• Lower energy input with the same welding depth
• Better corrosion resistance of the welded joints
• Free of oxidation

• High initial setup and equipment costs for vacuum systems
• Complexity of maintaining vacuum conditions during welding
• Limited accessibility and part size  due to enclosed systems
• Longer processing times due to vacuum evacuation and stabilization
• Increased maintenance needs for vacuum pumps and related equipment